Isizinda socwaningo somthengisi wensimbi
Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu wensimbi engahluziwe emhlabeni, isidingo nokuncika kwemikhiqizo yensimbi evela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila ngeke kushaywe indiva.Kusukela ngo-2002, abadayisi bensimbi, njengesixhumanisi esiyinhloko semakethe yensimbi yasekhaya, bebelokhu bedlala indima ebalulekile.Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwenani labathengisi bensimbi, kusukela kwabangaphezu kuka-80,000 ngo-2019 kuze kube manje, i-2021 iye yanda yaba ngaphezu kwe-100,000, nabathengisi abambalwa be-100,000 abaphethe i-60% -70% yevolumu yensimbi yaseChina. ekusakazweni, ukuncintisana phakathi kwabahwebi nakho kuya ngokushuba.Ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifana "nokulawulwa okuphindwe kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla", "i-Carbon peak" kanye "ne-Carbon neutrality", ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ngeke kuqhubeke kwanda esikhathini esifushane, ngakho umthengisi ngamunye angasigcina kanjani isabelo semakethe sakhe kanye nokuncintisana kwebhizinisi umthamo wokuhweba olinganiselwe kanye nokuncintisana okuqinile sekuphenduke isihloko esifanele ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela okwamanje.Izintengo zensimbi ziguquguquke kakhulu kuze kube manje ngo-2021, zafinyelela irekhodi eliphezulu ngoMeyi futhi zicishe ziphindeke kabili ukusuka ngo-2020 eziphansi, nokwakha imakethe yezinkunzi ezinkulu.Kodwa ngokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezifana nokulawulwa kwamandla kabili kanye nomshayeli wentela yezindlu engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, ukuthengiselana kwemakethe kubuthakathaka, futhi amanani aluhlaza kanye nensimbi awela yonke indlela, abadayisi abaningi bensimbi engxenyeni yokuqala. zezintengo zempahla zikhuphuke “ngenkathi ye-Honeymoon” ngokushesha ngemva kokulahlekelwa.Ngakho-ke, i-Mysteel iye yaphenya futhi yafunda mayelana nezinzuzo zokusebenza kanye nokubi kwabahwebi bensimbi namasu abo okubhekana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezimakethe, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nesimo samanje sokusebenza, ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwamabhizinisi, kanye nokulawulwa nokulawula ubungozi, inhloso ukwenza abahwebi bensimbi ekuphathweni kwesikhathi esizayo, ukuhlela ibhizinisi kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele njengereferensi.
Umphumela wophenyo kanye nocwaningo lomhwebi wensimbi
Uhlu lwemibuzo oluvumelekile olungaphezu kuka-2,500 lwaqoqwa phakathi neviki elide lenhlolovo ye-inthanethi, eyenziwa phakathi kukaNovemba 26 no-2021 ngo-2021. Iningi labadayisi bensimbi abagcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo lalitholakala empumalanga nasenyakatho ye-China, kuyilapho abanye betholakala e-China. -INingizimu Afrika, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-mpumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina Iningi lemisebenzi yezikhundla zalabo okuxoxiswana nabo ngabaphathi abaphakathi nabasezingeni eliphezulu bamabhizinisi abo;Izinhlobo ezinkulu zokusebenza emabhizinisini ahlolisisiwe yinsimbi yokwakha, ebalwa ngama-33.9%, kanye nama-akhawunti ashisayo nabandayo afinyelela ku-21%, ezinye izinhlobo ezifana nepayipi lensimbi, ipuleti eliphakathi, insimbi yengxenye, ikhoyili yensimbi eboshwe, insimbi ye-strip kanye nesipesheli. insimbi yizinhlobo ezahlukene zabathengisi ababandakanyeka ebhizinisini.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Mysteel, i-akhawunti yensimbi yokwakha ingaphezu kuka-50% yazo zonke izinto ezithengiswayo zensimbi ezweni.
Umthamo wokuhweba waminyaka yonke wabahwebi ikakhulukazi amathani ayi-0-300,000
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Mysteel, abadayisi bensimbi benza okungaphezu kuka-50% wevolumu yokuhweba yonyaka yamathani angu-0-200,000, isigaba esingabizwa ngokuhlangene ngokuthi abadayisi abancane nabaphakathi.Abadayisi abakhulu benza cishe u-20% wevolumu yokuhweba yonyaka engamathani angu-500,000-1,000,000 kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-1,000,000, iningi lawo elizinze empumalanga yeChina futhi lisebenza kakhulu ngensimbi yokwakha.Akunzima ukubona kusukela kumthamo wokuhweba wemakethe yokujikeleza kwensimbi ukuthi imakethe yempumalanga yeChina njengemakethe yokuhweba eshisa kakhulu esifundeni, kanye nokwakhiwa kwensimbi ehambisana nezimboni zezindlu ezithengiswayo kanye nezingqalasizinda ngokuvamile zidinga okwengeziwe.
2. Imodeli yentengo yesivumelwano sohwebo isekelwe kumanani emakethe eyinkomba
Ngokusho kokutholwe yi-Mysteel, imodeli yentengo eyinhloko yabahwebi emakethe isasekelwe kumanani emakethe yereferensi.Kukhona nenani elincane labathengisi abaphoqelela ngokuqinile amanani efekthri.Laba bahwebi bakhiya izintengo ngezigayo zensimbi ngenkontileka, ngokuguquguquka kwentengo yemakethe kancane, yiqiniso, le ngxenye yabadayisi kanye ne-Steel Mills ingase ihlanganise, ngentengo yenkontileka kanye nentengo yesikhathi sangempela inokuphambuka okukhulu uma kukhona okuthile. uxhaso.
3. Abadayisi bensimbi bafuna kakhulu imali yabo
Abadayisi bensimbi bebelokhu beyisidingo esiphezulu semodi yabo yokuhweba imali.Ngokusho kocwaningo lukaMysteel, abadayisi abangaphezu kwesigamu bachitha ngaphezu kwe-50% yemali yabo ngensimbi, kanti ingxenye yesithathu engaphezu kuka-80%.Ngokuvamile, abadayisi bensimbi ngaphezu kokusebenzisa inani eliqinile lemali kanye nama-oda ensimbi akhuphuka nomfula, kodwa futhi nokuba khona kwamakhasimende angaphansi komfula imali yokuthuthukisa.Isidingo sokuqhubekisela phambili ubude besikhathi sokukhokha kwekhasimende siyahlukahluka, ngokujwayelekile ukusho ukuthi izimali zabo abadayisi abanele bavumela amakhasimende ukuthi abuyisele isikhathi futhi side kakhulu.
4. Isimo sengqondo se-Banks maqondana ne-traders'lending siya ngokuya sifudumala
Ngokuphathelene nesimo sengqondo sokuboleka kwebhange kubathengisi bensimbi, inketho yokuhlangabezana nesidingo sokubolekwa kwemali engaphezu kwe-70% yazo zonke izinketho zezinketho eziningi, ifinyelele cishe ku-29%.Cishe u-29% wesidingo semalimboleko sezwe sika-30% -70% siyahlangatshezwa.Akunzima ukubona ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva isimo sengqondo se-banks maqondana ne-traders'lending siye sadamba.Ngo-2013-2015, ngemva kokuqubuka kochungechunge lwezinkinga zezikweletu zemboni yabathengisi bensimbi kanye nokulahlekelwa komshwalense ohlangene wesikweletu nezinye izindaba zezezimali, amabhange kubathengisi ababolekisa isimo sengqondo endaweni ephansi kakhulu.Nokho, kule minyaka emibili edlule, ngenxa yentuthuko evuthiwe yokuhweba ngempahla kanye nokwesekwa okuqinile kombuso ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkampani ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, isimo sengqondo sokuboleka amabhange kubadayisi salulama kancane kancane sisuka endaweni ephansi safinyelela esigabeni esizinzile.
5. Izinsizakalo ezisekela ukuhweba ngama-spot, ama-wholesale kanye ne-supply chain seziphenduke insakavukela yebhizinisi lokuhweba
Ngokombono webhizinisi lamanje labadayisi, ukuhweba ngamabala, i-wholesale kuseyisizinda esikhulu sebhizinisi lokuhweba ngensimbi yasekhaya, cishe ama-34% abadayisi bazokwenza lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi.Kuhle ukubalula ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-30 abadayisi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zoxhaso lwe-supply chain, okubuye kube uhlobo lwebhizinisi oluye lwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva futhi okuthi, ngokuqonda okuningiliziwe kwekhasimende, lihlangabezane nezidingo zekhasimende ngalinye. , ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngomklamo, ukuthengwa kwempahla, i-inventory kanye nochungechunge lwezinsizakalo ezisekelayo kubathengisi nazo zivuthiwe.Ukwengeza, izinsizakalo zokucubungula i-shear njengezinsizakalo ze-value-added, ekuhwebeni kwensimbi kwamanje nokwesikhathi esizayo nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, insizakalo yezimali yethreyi njengohwebo lwensimbi ngezindlela zezimali ezihlukile, ngokuvamile, inani labadayisi bezimali nazo zinezidingo eziphakeme.
6. Izindlela zokuthola ulwazi lwemakethe yensimbi ziyahambisana
Zonke izimpendulo ezine zombuzo mayelana nemithombo eyinhloko yolwazi lwemakethe zibalwe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20 yenani eliphelele, phakathi kwabo, abadayisi bathola ulwazi olusheshayo lwemakethe ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa inkundla yokubonisana kanye nokushintshaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwabahwebi.Okwesibili, impendulo evela ezigayweni zensimbi ezikhuphukayo kanye nabasebenzi abaphambili namakhasimende nayo ivamile.Ngokuvamile, ukufinyelela olwazini lwemakethe ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezihlukahlukene ezihambisanayo, ezixhunywe kunethiwekhi yolwazi evamile, okuvumela abahwebi ukuthi bafinyelele ukwaziswa kwamuva kwasekuqaleni.
Bulala.Inzuzo yabahwebi kulo nyaka yehle kakhulu kusukela eminyakeni emibili edlule
Uma sibheka izimo zokusebenza zabathengisi bensimbi eminyakeni emithathu edlule, izimo zokusebenza zabathengisi ngo-2019 no-2020 kungathiwa azigculisi, ngaphezu kuka-75% wabathengisi benza inzuzo iminyaka emibili elandelanayo ephela, kuphela. Amaphesenti angu-6-7 abahwebi alahlekelwe yimali.Kodwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokucwaninga (Dec. 2) , inani labathengisi abanenzuzo ngo-2021 lehla ngaphezu kwe-10% kusukela eminyakeni emibili edlule.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labadayisi ababike ifulethi kanye nokulahlekelwa likhuphuke, ngamaphesenti angu-13 abadayisi abalahlekelwa yimali ngaphambi kokuba umjikelezo wokugcina we-oda uxazululwe nezigayo ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka.Sekukonke, uma kubhekwa ukunyuka okubukhali nokwehla kwezintengo zensimbi kulo nyaka kanye nokumenyezelwa kwezinqubomgomo ezintsha ezihlukahlukene, abanye abathengisi abazange bathathe izinyathelo zokulawula ubungozi kusenesikhathi, kangangokuthi kulo nyaka amanani ensimbi ehle kakhulu ohlelweni lokusheshisa. ukulahlekelwa.
8. Abahwebi balawula ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zobungozi zokulawula ukwakheka kwempahla kanye nesisekelo samasheya
Ekuphathweni kwansuku zonke kwabahwebi bensimbi, kunezingozi ezihlukene, kodwa futhi nezindlela ezihlukene zokulawula ubungozi.Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo lukaMysteel, cishe u-42% wabahwebi bakhetha ukulawula isakhiwo kanye nenani lokusungula ukulawula ubungozi, le ndlela ikakhulukazi ngokubheka izinguquko zentengo yensimbi ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezici zesidingo samakhasimende ezingezansi zokulawula ama-oda abo futhi stock ukugwema izingozi ezithile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe u-27% wabathengisi bakhetha ukugwema ubungozi bokuguquguquka kwentengo ngokubopha amakhasimende akhuphuka naphansi, futhi abahwebi njengabaphakathi basayina izinkontileka ngokuqinile, basule ububanzi bebhizinisi labo kanye nesilinganiso sekhomishini nezinye izindlela zokudlulisa ubungozi endaweni yokugaya insimbi ekhuphukayo. kanye namakhasimende angezansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona mayelana 16% of the trade izoba umshwalense nge izigayo steel, ukulahlekelwa kanye izigayo steel ukwenza up.Ngokuvamile, i-Steel Mills, abadayisi babambe ingxenye ezinzile yezinsiza zamakhasimende, futhi ukukhishwa kokugcina kwezigayo zensimbi njengabakhiqizi kumakhasimende awela phansi kudinga abahwebi ukuba badlale indima yokuxhuma phakathi, ngakho-ke, ezinye izigayo zensimbi zizobasiza abahwebi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze abahwebi bangabi nokulahlekelwa okukhulu ngemuva kokubuyisela emuva imali kodwa balahlekelwe ukuzinza kwezinsiza zamakhasimende.Okokugcina, cishe u-13% wabathengisi bazohlanganisa ikusasa ngaleli thuluzi lezezimali ukuze bagweme ingcuphe yentengo ethile, ukuze bafinyelele umgomo olindelekile wenzuzo.Manje, ngokuhlanganiswa nabadayisi bamabala bendabuko, sizokwandisa izinketho eziningi zokukhiqiza nokuhweba amabhizinisi, angeke agweme kuphela ubungozi bokusebenza obulethwa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo, kodwa futhi sehlise izindleko zenhloko-dolobha yamabhizinisi futhi kwenyuse izinga lokutholwa. yemikhiqizo yokusungula, ukusiza amabhizinisi afinyelele kangcono izinjongo zebhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-21-2021